Grapevine eco-physiology

general content

Bases of environmental physiology: yield formation, yield potential and its realization. Grape composition and fruit quality: water, sugar, acids, nitrogen compounds and mineral nutrients, phenolics, lipids and volatiles. Xylem and phloem function.). ,Environmental constraints and grape physiology: responses to stress. Water: too much or too little? Nutrients: deficiency and excess. Salinity. Temperature: too cold or too warm?,Climate change and impact on viticulture: main features of climate change and its effects on viticulture. Adaptation and mitigation techniques. New tools for better assessment and prediction of climate‐ related effects and for prevention of climate extremes.,Physiology of pruning and canopy management: winter pruning: an ideal case for applied physiology. Physiology of main summer pruning techniques: shoot thinning, shoot trimming, leaf removal, cluster thinning. Methods for assessing efficiency of different training systems.,Water relations and water use efficiency: Stomatal action and transpiration. Isohydric and anisohydric adaptation to water stress. Definition and ways of assessment of water use efficiency (WUE) Water relations and nutrient uptake. Invited seminars on specific topics. Audio‐ listening of lectures and working groups. Discussion of case studies.,