Ecological effects

main objectives

Conservation of biodiversity within sustainable food systems: ,• The main aim is that students should be able to discuss the potential for reconciling agricultural production and biodiversity conservation. They should appreciate the importance of landscape scale and coordination between farmers. They should begin to see how biodiversity conservation can become an integral part of the food system.,,Soil biodiversity and ecosystem services ‘The importance of diversity for sustainable agroecosystems and human well-being’:,• The course presents the key role of soil living organisms in soil functioning, nutrition and protection of plants and biogeochemical processes that make life possible on Earth. It also introduces the interest of a living soil for sustainable agriculture and how to manage agricultural practices to promote it,,Environmental sustainability and eco-design of terroir viticulture:,• Explain the different environmental stakes and impacts globally and for viticulture,• Understand what is ecodesign and LCA and how they can be applied for viticulture,• Know and analyse examples of intiatives of wine producing territories in favour of the environment,

general content

Conservation of biodiversity within sustainable food systems: ,• We define farmland biodiversity and document its current declines. We summarise general relationships between wild biodiversity and agriculture and methods for assessing farmland biodiversity at different spatial scales. We discuss collective action by farmers for biodiversity protection. Two case studies illustrate: the first in extensively managed flood meadows with cattle grazing, the second in intensively managed vineyards. Finally, we take a critical look at biodiversity labeling schemes from farmer and consumer perspectives.,,Soil biodiversity and ecosystem services ‘The importance of diversity for sustainable agroecosystems and human well-being’:,• Soil depends on the presence of the huge and mostly unknown diversity of living organisms to remain healthy and fertile. Soil biodiversity plays a central role in preserving ecosystems and human health by providing numerous services such as nutrient cycling, soil carbon sequestration, climate stabilization, nutrient and food security. However, soil biodiversity is threatened by agricultural activities that must meet the challenge of preserving living soils by developing sustainable practices.,,Environmental sustainability and eco-design of terroir viticulture:,• Global environmental stakes and contribution of viticulture LCA for viticulture and examples of use in Wine territories,• Eco-design in the wine sector: theory and applications from field to PDO scale,• Solutions and examples of initiatives of wine territories and labels for the environment,

pedagogy

Presentation in class Company visits and ‘in situ’ presentation Study cases

evaluation

Group term project,Oral defense,

Bibliography

Conservation of biodiversity within sustainable food systems: ,,• Bibliography :,- Altieri, M.A., 1999. The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 74, 19–31.,- Benton, T.G., Vickery, J.A., Wilson, J.D., 2003. Farmland biodiversity: is habitat heterogeneity the key? Trends Ecol. Evol. 18, 182–188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00011-9,- Guerra, J.L., 2010. Geographical Indications, in Situ Conservation and Traditional Knowledge 16.,- Hallmann, C.A., Sorg, M., Jongejans, E., Siepel, H., Hofland, N., Schwan, H., Stenmans, W., Müller, A., Sumser, H., Hörren, T., Goulson, D., De Kroon, H., 2017. More than 75 percent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas. PLoS ONE 12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185809,- Hardman, C.J., Harrison, D.P.G., Shaw, P.J., Nevard, T.D., Potts, S.G., Norris, K., 2015. Supporting local diversity of habitats and species on farmland: a comparison of three wildlife-friendly schemes 10.,- Jongman, R.H.G., Külvik, M., Kristiansen, I., 2004. European ecological networks and greenways. Landsc. Urban Plan. 68, 305–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(03)00163-4,- Le Roux, X., Barbault, R., Baudry, J., Burel, F., Doussan, I., Garnier, E., Herzog, F., Lavorel, S., Lifran, R., Roger-Estrade, J., Sarthou, J.P., Trommetter, M., 2008. Agriculture et biodiversité. Valoriser les synergies. (Expertise scientifique collective, synthèse du rapport). INRA, France.,- McRae, L., Deinet, S., Freeman, R., 2017. The Diversity-Weighted Living Planet Index: Controlling for Taxonomic Bias in a Global Biodiversity Indicator. PLOS ONE 12, e0169156. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169156,- Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Biodiversity Synthesis. Island Press, Washington DC.,- Treves, A., Jones, S.M., 2010. Strategic tradeoffs for wildlife-friendly eco-labels. Front. Ecol. Environ. 8, 491–498. https://doi.org/10.1890/080173,- Tscharntke, T., Milder, J.C., Rice, R., Ghazoul, J., 2015. Conserving Biodiversity Through Certification of Tropical Agroforestry Crops at Local and Landscape Scales. Conserv. Lett. 11.,- Zhang, W., Ricketts, T., Kremen, C., Carney, K., Swinton, S., 2007. Ecosystem services and dis-services to agriculture. Ecol. Econ. 64, 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.02.024,,• Suggested resources:,- (Guerra, 2010) bbb (Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005) bbb (McRae et al., 2017) bbb (Hallmann et al., 2017) bbb (Jongman et al., 2004) (Le Roux et al., 2008) bbb (Altieri, 1999) (Zhang et al., 2007),- Deceuninck B. (2011) Statut du Râle des genêts Crex crex en France en 2009. Distribution, effectifs et tendance Ornithos 18-1 : 11-19,- Billaudeau, Valérie & Thareau, Bertille. (2010). « L’éleveur et l’oiseau » : rayonnement d’une démarche agro-environnementale innovante. Marché et organisations. 11. 155. 10.3917/maorg.011.0155. ,- (Treves and Jones, 2010 Tscharntke et al., 2015) (Hardman et al., 2015) ,- Pain G., van Helden M. & Pithon J.A. (sous presse) Biodiversité à l’échelle du paysage : plan d’aménagement dans l’AOC viticole Saumur-Champigny Agronomie, Environnement & Sociétés. Vol 6 (1) : 135-142.,,Soil biodiversity and ecosystem services “The importance of diversity for sustainable agroecosystems and human well-being”:,,• Bibliography :,- Jean-François Briat & Dominique Job (Coord.). 2016. Les sols et la vie souterraine. Des enjeux majeurs en agroécologie. Editions Quae – Collection Synthèses.,- Brown G.G., Barois I. and Lavelle P. 2000. Regulation of soil organic matter dynamics and microbial activity in the drilosphere and the role of interactions with other edaphic functional domains. European journal of Soil Biology 36: 177-198.,- Lemanceau P., Maron P.A., Mazurier S., Mougel C., Pivato B., Plassart P., Ranjard L., Revellin C., Tardy V. and Wipf D. 2015. Understanding and managing soil biodiversity: a major challenge in agroecology. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 35: 67-81.,- Orgiazzi, A., Bardgett, R.D., Barrios, E., Behan-Pelletier, V., Briones, M.J.I., Chotte, J-L., De Deyn, G.B., Eggleton, P., Fierer, N., Fraser, T., Hedlund, K., Jeffery, S., Johnson, N.C., Jones, A., Kandeler, E., Kaneko, N., Lavelle, P., Lemanceau, P., Miko, L., Montanarella, L., Moreira, F.M.S., Ramirez, K.S., Scheu, S., Singh, B.K., Six, J., van der Putten, W.H., Wall, D.H. (Eds.), 2016, Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas. European Commission, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. 176 pp.,- Anne Turbé, Arianna De Toni, Patricia Benito, Patrick Lavelle, Perrine Lavelle, Nuria Ruiz, Wim H. Van der Putten, Eric Labouze, and Shailendra Mudgal. Soil biodiversity: functions, threats and tools for policy makers. Bio Intelligence Service, IRD, and NIOO, Report for European Commission (DG Environment), 2010.,- Diana H. Wall, Bardgett R.D., Behan-Pelletier V., Herrick J.E., Hefin Jones T., Ritz K., Six J., Strong D.R., and van der Putten W. 2012. Soil ecology and Ecosystem services. First Edition. Oxford University Press.,,• Suggested resources:,- http://www.fao.org/world-soil-day/about-wsd/en/,- https://www.globalsoilbiodiversity.org/,- Orgiazzi, A., Bardgett, R.D., Barrios, E., Behan-Pelletier, V., Briones, M.J.I., Chotte, J-L., De Deyn, G.B., Eggleton, P., Fierer, N., Fraser, T., Hedlund, K., Jeffery, S., Johnson, N.C., Jones, A., Kandeler, E., Kaneko, N., Lavelle, P., Lemanceau, P., Miko, L., Montanarella, L., Moreira, F.M.S., Ramirez, K.S., Scheu, S., Singh, B.K., Six, J., van der Putten, W.H., Wall, D.H. (Eds.), 2016, Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas. European Commission, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. 176 pp.,- Anne Turbé, Arianna De Toni, Patricia Benito, Patrick Lavelle, Perrine Lavelle, Nuria Ruiz, Wim H. Van der Putten, Eric Labouze, and Shailendra Mudgal. Soil biodiversity: functions, threats and tools for policy makers. Bio Intelligence Service, IRD, and NIOO, Report for European Commission (DG Environment), 2010.,- De Deyen G.B. and Van der Puttern W.H. 2005. Linking aboveground and belowground diversity. TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution 20: 625-633.,,Environmental sustainability and eco-design of terroir viticulture:,,• Bibliography :,- Aubertot, J. et al. Pesticides, agriculture et environnement. Réduire l’utilisation des pesticides et en limiter les impacts environnementaux. Rapport d’expertise scientifique collective, INRA et Cemagref (France) (2005).,- Campbell, B. M. et al. Agriculture production as a major driver of the Earth system exceeding planetary boundaries. Ecology and Society 22, doi:10.2307/26798991 (2017).,- Martínez-Casasnovas, J. A. & Ramos, M. C. The cost of soil erosion in vineyard fields in the Penedès-Anoia Region (NE Spain). CATENA 68, 194-199, doi:10.1016/j.catena.2006.04.007 (2006).,- Mézière, D. et al. ECOPHYTO R&D. Vers des systèmes de cultures économes en produits phytosanitaires. (INRA, 2009).,- Ojeda, H., Saurin, N., 2014. Precision irrigation of grapevines: methods, tools and strategies to maximize the quality and yield of the harvest and ensure water saving. Innovations Agronomiques 38, 97-108.,- Rockström, J., Edenhofer, O., Gaertner, J. & DeClerck, F. Planet-proofing the global food system. Nature Food 1, 3-5, doi:10.1038/s43016-019-0010-4 (2020).,- Vázquez-Rowe, I., Rugani, B., Benetto, E., 2013. Tapping carbon footprint variations in the European wine sector. J. Clean. Prod. 43, 146-155.,- Beauchet, S., Rouault, A., Thiollet-Scholtus, M., Renouf, M., Jourjon, F., Renaud-Gentié, C. Inter-annual variability in the environmental performance of viticulture technical management routes—a case study in the Middle Loire Valley (France). Int. J. Life Cycle Ass., doi:10.1007/s11367-018-1516-y (2018).,- Naviaux, P., Perez-Jimenez, S., Descotes, A., 2020. Acybulle project -LCA as a decision-support tool in the Champagne industry at different scales: process ecodesign, vineyard and winery management, collective regional strategy. LCAFood 2020, Virtual.,- Renaud- Gentié, C., Dieu, V., Thiollet-Scholtus, M. & Merot, A. Addressing organic viticulture environmental burdens by better understanding interannual impact variations. Int. J. Life Cycle Ass., doi:10.1007/s11367-019-01694-8 (2019).,- Rouault, A., Perrin, A., Renaud-Gentié, C., Julien, S. & Jourjon, F. Using LCA in a participatory eco-design approach in agriculture: the example of vineyard management. Int. J. Life Cycle Ass., doi:10.1007/s11367-019-01684-w (2019).,- Stanco, M. Lerro, M. Marotta, G. Consumers’ Preferences for Wine Attributes: A Best-Worst Scaling Analysis. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2819.,,• Suggested resources:,- Moscovici, D. & Reed, A. Comparing wine sustainability certifications around the world: history, status and opportunity. Journal of Wine Research 29, 1-25, doi:10.1080/09571264.2018.1433138 (2018).,- Air pollution national Geographic : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6rglsLy1Ys,- Life cycle thinking : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wQ2Jm6i9F0,,